Cylchgronau Cymru

on the Welsh words which Ingram thought he had heard, especially the name of a strange new bird, the penguin, for in his account Pengwyn appears as the name both of an island and of a bird. "In trueth," he adds in reference to the latter, "they say the Fowles have white heads," but in this Ingram was wrong, for despite the similarity of the name to the two Welsh words, "white head," the heads of penguins are black. Dr. David Powel, whose augmented edition of Humphrey Lhoyd appeared the following year, avoided some of Peckham's errors (the island, for example, now became a "white rock"), but he evidently relied on Peckham, as the side-notes to his account indicate. He identified the chronicle as that of Gutyn Owen, which, indeed, he claimed to have seen, but such a work is not otherwise known to have existed. Hakluyt, however, printed both Dr. Powel's version,1 and Peckham's pamphlet,2 thus giving wide currency to the story at a time when the struggle with Spain was at its height. "And therefore some went about to entitle Queen Elizabeth to the soveraignty of these countries," states Peter Heylyn, the geographer, who however adds, despite his own Welsh origin, that "she wisely did reject these counsels not loving to put her sithe into another man's harvest,"3 a sentiment which may well be a reflection of King James's anxiety, when this was being written in 1621, to cause no offence to Spain. In the seventeenth century the Madoc legend was often repeated, though with no great change, until 1686, when it received a startling addition. In that year one Morgan Jones, a minister in the neigh- bourhood of New York, signed a formal statement to the effect that seventeen years previously he had been captured south of Virginia by the Tuscorara tribe of Indians. As they were about to put him to death he uttered a few words in Welsh, and, to his amazement, these were understood by an Indian of the Doeg tribe who was present. The Doeg thereupon arranged for his ransom and took him to his own people, among whom Morgan Jones lived for four months, preaching to them in the British tongue, as, indeed, could have been expected of him, no less often than three times a week. This strange story was told by Morgan Jones to the Welsh Quaker, Thomas Lloyd, one of the ablest of the political leaders 1 R. Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English nation (London, 1927), Vol. V, pp. 79-80. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 42-78. 8 Peter Heylyn, Microcosmos A Little Description of the Great World (Oxford, 6th edn., 1633). p. 768. 4 This statement has been printed in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1740 (by Theophilus Evans this version differs in slight details from the others) in Rivington's New York Gazette, 1770 in N. Owen, British Remains (London, 1777) in George Burder, The Welch Indians, or a Collection of Papers dedicated to the Missionary Society (Coventry, 1797) in James Riker, Annals of Newtown in Queen's County, New York (New York, 1852) in Edward Owen, "Prince Madoc's Discovery of America," Red Dragon (1886). A transcript made for Thomas Pennant is in N.L.W., MS. 2577 B.