Cylchgronau Cymru

a pool which provided power for a woollen mill (ibid 58), the troughing of the water course probably accounts for the name. a. CAIN: SJ 2220 Efyrnwy L. According to S.E. the upper part of Cain was known as Myllon (v.). If cain is the adj., the name would indicate a fine, fair river. Cain, caing, = back, ridge, would give a more prosaic meaning, a river associated with such physical features on its course. P.H. Llanfechain (Mont. Coll. V, 206) describes Cain as "bifurcated" at its start through the joining of Ffyllon and Alun (sic, v. Alan). CAMBWLL: v. Bolo. n. CALCH: SJ 0129 Eirth R. = of lime/chalk. CAMEN: SO 1294 Bechan R. Mentioned in Parochialia, III, 71 as marking the boundary between Betws Cedewain and LLanllwchaearn parishes. Now known as Highgate Brook. Camen = bend, curve, loop. CAMEN: SJ 0414 Efyrnwy L. Also known as Nant Llwydiarth. (v.). Camen appears on OS 1836. Near its source are habs. Cammen Fawr and Cammen Ucha (SJ 0719 & 0619). CAMLAD: SJ 2000 Severn R. M.E. cites, 1274 & 1227, Kelemet; 1256, Kemlet; 1577, Camalet. Kemlett appears in a will of 1642. (Mont. Coll. XXIII, 20). M.E. regards Cemled as the Welsh form. Cem < cam — probable under the influence of the known word cam, crooked, bent, which is fairly common in stream names. M.E. also suggests a derivation from cwlm- (knot): the winding course lends support to this derivation. The metathesis 1m > ml is assumed before the common ending -ad, -at.15 CANNON: SH 9606 a. Gam. L. Blaen Cannon is mentioned in St M. Ch. II, (1200). O.S. 1836 has Cwm Cannon. S.E. adds "or Nant Cwm Cannon." M.E. cites 1588 blain Cannon; 1675 cannoi, esker gannon, ganon. The derivation which suggests itself is < cann (white, brilliant) + -on. CARNO: v. a. Garno. n. y CARNEDDI: SJ 017008 Rhiw (Southern) L. Shown on Enc. M. Dwyrhiw 179516. Mynydd Garnedd Wen is near the source. = of the cairns. 11. CARREG Y PYG: SH 7028 a. Cwm Llwyd. R. It appears on Enc. M. Lower Cefnllys, 1826, spelt Pug. Nearby is Lluast y Pug: Carreg y Pug Farm appears in the Schedule. On Enc. schedule of Caereinion Iscoed 1826 is added "otherwise Nant Llyn y Bugail." SJ 0005). The form on OS 1836 is Carreg y Big. Current maps have Coed Carreg y Big (SH 9903) and Mynydd Carreg y Big (SH 9803). Pig has the meaning of peak but "the stone of the peak" makes little sense. If the word was used adjectivally, carreg big, the meaning would be pointed stone. It may be that an original pyg (pitch) has suffered change through confusion with pig. In the local dialect u/y has the sound i. The original form would then = of the stone of the pitch. n. y CATHAU: Listed by S.E. as Twrch R. I am told that Nant y Caethle flows through a ravine called Nant y Cathe. In all probability Cathau and Caethle refer to the same stream. hIn a footnote to his Territorial Divisions of Mediaeval Montgomeryshire, (Mont. Coll. LXIX, 28) Richard Morgan refers to the belief that Kamhawn. the name of a castle destroyed in 1215 by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth. could be a variation "I Keminawt. Cyminod. "the Welsh name of the river Camlad." The equating of Camlad and Cyminod is based on regarding Gwirgloth Keminod (pasture of Cyminod) in a 1559 document as identical with Kemlett meadow in Hurley township mentioned in a 1602 document. The coincidence of gweirglodd and pasture does not in my view justify the coupling.